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La ciencia detrás de la compatibilidad en las relaciones

DNA Romance predicts "Chemistry" online using the DRom 1.0 algorithm. This algorithm assesses 100 specific markers within your DNA, focusing on genes proven to be involved in attraction and reproduction. Studies have shown that people with varied DNA markers in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) tend to find each other's scent appealing and often enjoy more durable romantic relationships.

DRom 1.0 predice química y desajustes entre familiares.

DNA Romance DRom1.0 Predicts Chemistry

DNA Romance también pronostica Compatibilidad de personalidad, Usando tipos de personalidad derivados de pruebas psicométricas, y permite a los usuarios evaluar Compartir intereses comunes usando filtros. Y y Atracción física Basado en las fotografías de sus coincidencias, DNA Romance ofrece una predicción de compatibilidad basada en la genética. second genetic algorithm DRom 2.0 DRom 2.0 complementa a DNA Romance utilizando un modelo de IA entrenado con marcadores de ADN relevantes para predecir con alta precisión los rasgos fenotípicos. Mecanismo de verificación de perfil que presenta múltiples capas de verificaciones que ayudan a indicar mejor la autenticidad del perfil de usuario".

Calificación de compatibilidad de personalidad

Cómo diferentes tipos de personalidad interactúan en las relaciones

Explora nuestro Calificación de compatibilidad de personalidad inspired by the renowned Jung/Myers-Briggs 16 personality types. Developed over a century ago by Swiss psychiatrist Dr. Carl Jung and further refined by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katherine Briggs, this psychometric test has stood the test of time. Recognized as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®, it's widely used in organizational psychology.
DNA Romance utilizes this personality compatibility algorithm to predict potential connections between both singles and couples. DNA Romance's algorithms strategically assign higher compatibility scores to similar personality types, and lower scores to those that may conflict.

DNA Romance personality compatibility score
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Documentos clave de investigación

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Atracción basada en el complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad (también conocida como química) y elección de relación

DNA Romance predicts "Chemistry" using DRom 1.0, an algorithm that analyses Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) confirmed to influence relationship choice in several independent studies. Here we present just a few of the research papers we evaluated in order to develop DRom 1.0 .

Dandine-Roulland C, Laurent R, Dall'Ara I, Toupance B y Chaix R (2019) Evidencia genómica de apareamiento disasortativo MHC en humanos. Proc. R. Soc. B 286: 20182664.

*** This study on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and mate choice in humans suggests that while couples in Northern Europe tend to exhibit MHC-dissimilarity, potentially indicative of a biological influence on mate choice, social and/or cultural factors in other regions, like Israel, may override or obscure such biologically-driven mating preferences.

Birnbaum GE, Zholtack K, Mizrahi M & Ein-Dor T (2019) La amarga píldora: la interrupción del uso de anticonceptivos orales aumenta el atractivo de parejas alternativas. Evolutionary Psychological Science 5: 276–285.

*** Los anticonceptivos hormonales alteran las preferencias de pareja de las mujeres hacia hombres más protectoras, pero dejar de usarlos revierte estas preferencias, aumentando la atracción hacia hombres más genéticamente compatibles, especialmente durante las fases de alta fertilidad, lo que podría motivar la búsqueda de parejas alternativas.

Wedekind C (2019) A predicted interaction between odour pleasantness and intensity provides evidence for major histocompatibility complex social signalling in women. Proc. R. Soc. B 285: 20172714.

*** El artículo describe la conexión entre el Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad (MHC) y las preferencias de olor en los humanos, debatiendo los hallazgos anteriores y analizando cómo el afeitado de axilas y otros factores pueden influir en la percepción del olor corporal y su vinculación con el MHC, con una reanálisis de los datos anteriores que revela que la agradabilidad y la intensidad del olor pueden interactuar con la disimilitud del MHC para influir en la señalización social a través del olor, implicando una relación matizada entre el MHC, la percepción del olor y la comunicación social.

Wu K, Chen C, Moyzis RK, Nuno M, Yu Z and Greenberger E (2018) More than skin deep: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-based attraction among Asian American speed-daters. Evolution and Human Behavior 39(4):447-456.

*** En un contexto de citas rápidas, las mujeres, pero no los hombres, mostraron preferencias por los compañeros basadas en la complementariedad del Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad (MHC) a través del análisis de SNPs, con diferentes SNPs influyendo en la atracción de forma direccional en función de la proximidad a los principales genes HLA, y los índices basados ​​en MHC tuvieron una influencia comparable a los atributos de personalidad autoinformados para predecir ofertas de segunda cita para ambos géneros".

Henningsson S, Hovey D, Vass K, Walum H, Sandnabba K, Santtila P, Jern P, Westberg L (2017) A missense polymorphism in the putative pheromone receptor gene VN1R1 is associated with sociosexual behavior. Transl Psychiatry 7(4):e1102.

*** El estudio encuentra una asociación significativa entre un polimorfismo en el gen VN1R1, relacionado con el receptor tipo vomeronasal humano 1 (parte del sistema que media los efectos de las feromonas), y el comportamiento sociosexual en mujeres, particularmente relacionado con relaciones de una noche, sugiriendo que la quimiosignalización podría desempeñar un papel en la modulación de las interacciones sociales humanas.

Burger D, Meuwly C, Marti E, Sieme H, Oberthür M, Janda J, Meinecke-Tillmann S y Wedekind C. (2017) Preferencias correlacionadas con MHC en caballos hembras diestroides (Equus caballus). Proc. R. Soc. B 284: 20171314.

*** This study investigated the influence of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes and testosterone levels on female horse mating preferences, finding that mares demonstrated elevated interest towards MHC-dissimilar stallions during their diestrous phase (non-reproductive period), but other non-MHC linked male characteristics, possibly like physical attributes or behavioral cues, could override MHC influences during their estrous (reproductive) phase, with the context and cycle phase being pivotal in mate choice.

Sherlock JM, Sidari MJ, Harris EA, Barlow FK, Zietsch BP (2016) Probando la hipótesis de elección de pareja del orgasmo femenino: desentrañando rasgos y comportamientos. . Socioaffect Neurosci Psychol. 6:31562.

*** El estudio sugiere que las mujeres experimentan frecuencias de orgasmo variables con diferentes parejas, con aquellas que induzcan mayores tasas de orgasmo siendo percibidas como más divertidas, creativas, cálidas, fieles y con mejor olor, y también siendo más atentas a la satisfacción sexual de su pareja, apoyando parcialmente la hipótesis de elección de pareja del orgasmo femenino que lo postula como un mecanismo potencial para seleccionar parejas de alta calidad.

Kromer J, Hummel T, Pietrowski D, Giani AS, Sauter J, Ehninger G, Schmidt AH, Croy I (2016) Influencia del HLA en la pareja humana y la satisfacción sexual. Sci Rep. 6:32550.

*** The study indicates that in humans, HLA (a genetic component of the immune system) dissimilarity can influence mate selection and sexual satisfaction, potentially through the detection of olfactory cues related to genetic compatibility, similarly to mechanisms observed in other animals, promoting genetic diversity and resilience in offspring.

Wlodarski R. and Dunbar RIM. (2015) What’s in a Kiss? The Effect of Romantic Kissing on Mate Desirability . Evol Psychol. ; 12(1): 178–199.

*** This study found that perceived romantic kissing ability affects evaluations of potential mates, increasing desirability particularly for women in casual sex contexts, and while visual cues can override the impact of kissing-related information in certain mating scenarios, the influence of attractive visual information appears more potent for men than for women, alluding to the multifaceted role of kissing in human mate selection.

Burger D, Dolivo G, Marti E, Sieme H y Wedekind C. (2015)". El tipo de complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad femenino afecta los niveles de testosterona y el número de espermatozoides en el caballo (Equus caballus).. Proc. R. Soc. B 282: 20150407.

*** This study examines how the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) influences male reproductive strategies in horses. The research revealed that when stallions were exposed to females with dissimilar MHC types, they exhibited higher testosterone levels and produced a larger number of sperm per ejaculate compared to when they were exposed to MHC-similar mares, highlighting that MHC-linked signals can indeed impact male reproductive physiology.

Christakis NA and Fowler JH (2014) Amistad y selección natural. PNAS 111: 10796–10801.

*** The study demonstrates that humans tend to form friendships with individuals who have similar genotypes—akin to the level of fourth cousins—across the entire genome, and while certain genotypes are positively correlated (homophilic), others are negatively correlated (heterophilic) among friends, with particular gene sets related to olfactory and immune system playing a role in friendship formation, proposing that friends might act as "functional kin" in humans.

Laurent R and Chaix R (2012) MHC-dependent mate choice in humans: Why genomic patterns from the HapMap European American dataset support the hypothesis BioEssays. 34(4):267-276

*** This study provides evidence supporting MHC-dependent mate choice in humans by analyzing genomic patterns.

Lie HC, Simmons LH and Rhodes G (2010) Genetic dissimilarity, genetic diversity, and mate preferences in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior 31: 8–58.

*** This study explores the influence of genetic factors, particularly the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), on mate preferences in humans, discovering that males tend to prefer MHC-dissimilar females in both short-term and long-term mating contexts, while genetic diversity impacts both male and female partner preferences to enhance genetic diversity in offspring.

Lie HC, Rhodes G and Simmons LH (2010) Is genetic diversity associated with mating success in humans? Animal Behaviour 79(4):903-909.

*** This study indicates that in humans, particularly females, genetic diversity, especially within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is associated with greater human mating success, while no significant association was found in males.

Chaix R, Cao C, and Donnelly P (2008) Is Mate Choice in Humans MHC-Dependent? PLOS Genetics 4(9).

*** The study indicates that while European Americans show evidence of MHC-disassortative mating patterns, this pattern varies across populations, suggesting MHC's influence on mate choice can be context-dependent and potentially shaped by various factors.

Schwensow N, Fietz J, Dausmann K, Sommer S (2008) MHC-associated mating strategies and the importance of overall genetic diversity in an obligate pair-living primate . Evol Ecol. (22) 617-636

*** The study explores mate choice in the fat-tailed dwarf lemur, finding females prefer males with greater MHC-genetic diversity and lower MHC overlap as both social partners and genetic fathers, supporting genetic incompatibility, highlighting a complex interplay of "good-genes-as-heterozygosity" and "disassortative mating" hypotheses in primate mating strategies.

Wedekind C (2007) The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Perfumers’ Descriptions of Human Body Odors Evolutionary Psychology.5(2): 330-343

*** This experiment reveals a connection between the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and the verbal descriptions of human body odors by professional perfumers, suggesting MHC influence on human olfactory perception and possibly, mate selection, given the MHC's critical role in immune system functioning and previously noted impact on body odor and mate choice.

Garver-Apgar CE, Gangestad SW, Thornill R, Miller RD and Olp JJ (2006) Major histocompatibility complex alleles, sexual responsivity, and unfaithfulness in romantic couples Psychol Sci, 17(10): 830-835.

*** In the context of romantic couples, the study finds that as the proportion of shared Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) alleles increases, women’s sexual responsivity to their partners decreases and they report more extra-pair sexual partners, suggesting that MHC-dissimilarity might play a role in sexual attraction and partner selection, potentially driven by underlying genetic and reproductive strategies to enhance offspring immunocompetence by maintaining genetic diversity.

Roberts CE, Gosling LM, Carter V and Petrie M (2006) MHC-correlated odour preferences in humans and the use of oral contraceptives Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 2715–2722

*** This study investigates how oral contraceptives influence women's preferences for certain male odours, which are known to be influenced by genes in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Previous research has indicated that female preference for MHC-dissimilar male odour may function to increase offspring heterozygosity or minimize inbreeding. Interestingly, it has also been suggested that women using oral contraceptives tend to prefer the scent of MHC-similar males, which runs contrary to this logic. The study utilized a longitudinal design to test women before and after initiating contraceptive pill use. While there were no significant changes in preferences between MHC-similar and MHC-similar men during the follicular cycle phase in general, it did unearth that single women tended to prefer the odour of MHC-similar men, whereas women in relationships leaned towards the odour of MHC-dissimilar men. This latter finding aligns with established preferences in romantic contexts.

Wedekind C (2006) The Intensity of Human Body Odors and the MHC: Should We Expect A Link ? Evolutionary Psychology. 4:85-94

Pause BM, Krauel K, Schrader C, Sojka B, Westphal E, Mu¨ller-Ruchholtz W, and Ferstl R. (2006) The human brain is a detector of chemosensorily transmitted HLA-class I-similarity in same- and opposite-sex relations Proc. R. Soc. B (2006) 273, 429–437

*** This study reveals that humans subconsciously detect and respond to body odors from individuals with similar HLA (Human Leucocyte Antigen) genetic markers, which might play a critical role in social interactions and mate selection by acting as subtle social signals within both same-sex and opposite-sex relationships.

Study content goes here

Martins Y, Preti G, Crabtree CR, Runyan T, Vainius AA and Wysocki CJ (2005) Preference for Human Body Odors Is Influenced by Gender and Sexual Orientation . Psychological Science, 16(9) 694-702

Horton R, Wilming L, Rand V, Lovering RC, Bruford EA, Khodiyar VK, Lush MJ, Povey S, Talbot CC Jr, Wright MW, Wain HM, Trowsdale J, Ziegler A, Beck S (2004) Gene map of the extended human MHC. Nat Rev Genet 5(12):889-899

*** This paper provides a comprehensive gene map of the human MHC, a pivotal region in the vertebrate genome for infection and autoimmunity due to its essential role in both adaptive and innate immunity, highlighting its significant content related to paralogy, polymorphism, immune functionality, and its association with various diseases, providing a comprehensive view stemming from the assimilation of data from several large-scale studies.

Jacob S, McClitock MK, Zelano B and Ober C (2002) Paternally inherited HLA alleles are associated with woman’s choice of male odour . Nature Genetics, 30:175-179

*** The study found that women prefer the body odor influenced by a single variance in HLA (human MHC) allele, with a woman's capacity to distinguish and prefer certain odors notably being based on HLA alleles inherited from her father and not her mother; this suggests that paternally inherited HLA-associated odors influence odor preference and might function as social cues, even despite a milieu of potential odors derived from a variety of genetic and cultural factors.

Milinski M and Wedekind C (2001) Evidence for MHC-correlated perfume preference in humans . Behavioural Ecology 12(2):140-149

*** The study explores the relationship between HLA types (specifically HLA-A, -B, -DR) and their ratings of various scents for personal use, with certain HLA types (e.g., HLA-A2) showing consistent scent preferences. However, when it came to preferences for a partner's scent, the correlation was largely insignificant, aligning with the hypothesis that individuals select perfumes for personal use to possibly enhance or amplify their own immunogenetic revealing body odors, rather than to alter the perceived scents of their partners.

Wedekind C, Seebeck T, Bettens F And Paepke AJ (1995) MHC-dependent mate preferences in humans. Proc.R.Soc.Lond.B. 260:245-249.

*** This study found that people tend to prefer the body odors of potential mates who have different immune system genes than their own, but this preference changes for women on birth control.

* found that sperm viability was associated with partners' HLA dissimilarity, indicating that cervical mucus may mediate post-copulatory selection based on genetic compatibility.

Jokiniemi A, Magris M, Ritari J, Kuusipalo L, Lundgren T, Partanen J and Kekäläinen J (2020) Post-copulatory genetic matchmaking: HLA-dependent effects of cervical mucus on human sperm function Proc Biol Sci., doi: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1682. Epub 2020 Aug 19.

* demonstrated increased rates of recurrent spontaneous abortion among Hutterite couples matching for HLA-DQA1 alleles

Ober., Steck., Ven., Billstrand., Messer., Kwak., Beaman., Beer (1993) MHC class II compatibility in aborted fetuses and term infants of couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion Journal of Reproductive Immunology, Volume 25, Issue 3, December 1993, Pages 195-207

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Tipos de personalidad

Myers IB, McCaulley MH, Quenk NL, and Hammer AL (1998) MBTI Manual: A Guide to the Development and Use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Third Edition. Consulting Psychologists Press.

El Manual MBTI®, tercera edición, sirve como una guía completa, detallando el desarrollo, aplicación e interpretación del instrumento Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®. Proporciona información en profundidad sobre la teoría, fiabilidad y validez de la herramienta, y ofrece una visión de los 16 tipos de personalidad que identifica, todos escritos por expertos líderes en el tipo psicológico, Isabel Briggs Myers, Mary H. McCaulley, Naomi L. Quenk y Allen L. Hammer.

Myers IB (1962) Manual, a guide to the development and use of the Myers-Briggs type indicator. Consulting Psychologists Press .

El manual de 1962 para el Indicador de Tipo Myers-Briggs ofrece una visión y directrices completas para implementar la teoría psicológica de C. Jung, afirmando que las variaciones conductuales son sistemáticas y consistentes debido a preferencias perceptivas y de juicio básicas, con el objetivo de aprovechar estas preferencias a través de informes de autoevaluación para determinar los tipos psicológicos individuales, permitiendo así la aplicación práctica y la investigación de sus efectos en reacciones, motivaciones, valores y capacidades.

Jung CG (1923) Psychological types: or the psychology of individuation. Oxford, England: Harcourt, Brace.

Los Tipos Psicológicos de Carl Gustav Jung, publicado por primera vez en 1923, introduce la seminal teoría psicológica de la tipología, presentando un marco que busca explicar las diversas y aparentemente aleatorias diferencias en la personalidad a través de una teoría sistemática y ordenada, proponiendo que las variaciones fundamentales en el comportamiento humano surgen debido a diferencias inherentes en cómo los individuos prefieren utilizar sus funciones cognitivas de percepción y juicio, sentando las bases para numerosas teorías y evaluaciones de la personalidad que vendrían, notablemente el Indicador de Tipo Myers-Briggs (MBTI).



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